THE BOOK cover
The Unwritten Book is Finally Written!
An in-depth analysis of: The sacrifice bunt, batter/pitcher matchups, the intentional base on balls, optimizing a batting lineup, hot and cold streaks, clutch performance, platooning strategies, and much more.
Read Excerpts & Customer Reviews

Buy The Book from Amazon


SABR101 required reading if you enter this site. Check out the Sabermetric Wiki. And interesting baseball books.
MOST RECENT ARTICLES
MAIL : You ask | We say

Advanced


THE BOOK--Playing The Percentages In Baseball

<< Back to main

Wednesday, December 14, 2011

Math fun: series odds

By Tangotiger, 04:00 PM

You have a 66.7% chance of winning any game. You win the series if you win 3 games before your opponent wins 4 games.  What are your chances of winning the series?

Try it yourself. Presuming I did this correctly:


So, your chances of winning 3 and losing 0 is .667^3.

Your chances of LWWW, WLWW, WWLW is 3 times .667^3 * .333^1.

Your chances of winning 3 and losing 2 is “4 choose 2” times .667^3 * .333^2.

“4 choose 2” means 4 factorial divided by (4-2) factorial divided by 2 factorial, or 6.

Your chances of winning 3 and losing 3 is “5 choose 3” times .667^3 * .333^3.  “5 choose 3” is 10.

Presuming I did all that correctly, then I get 90.0%.

You can see the pattern as follows:
p = success rate
q = failure rate

w = number of wins needed
x = number of losses allowed

p^w
times
q^x
times
(w+x-1)! / x! / (w-1)!

(where x = 0, 1, 2, 3)

***

The key point is the “minus 1”, because the series ends always on the 3rd win.  So, the various combinations is always limited to 2 wins and whatever possible losses (0 through 3).

***

How does this apply to baseball?  Dave was asking how often would a batter strike out, if the pitcher has the talent level to throw a strike 66.7% of the time, and the batter takes every pitch.

So, the answer is 90% strikeouts, and 10% walks.

#1          (see all posts) 2011/12/14 (Wed) @ 16:56

This is also interesting when thought of in the context of Japanese baseball, where non-champion teams have to win an extra game to take the series.


#2    Tangotiger      (see all posts) 2011/12/14 (Wed) @ 17:33

In that case, if both teams are 50/50, but one team needs to win 3 games and the other needs to win 4 games, then the odds are 65.6% that the team that needs fewer wins will win the series.


#3    Jessi      (see all posts) 2011/12/14 (Wed) @ 17:39

If all we care about is your chance of winning all 3, can’t we just get the cumulative binomial distribution. You win as long as you win 3, 4, 5 or 6 of the first 6 games, it doesn’t matter that 6 is impossible. In excel, 1- binomdist(2,6,.67,1). The answer you get is 90.3%.


#4    Tangotiger      (see all posts) 2011/12/14 (Wed) @ 17:46

Yes, and if you change .67 to 2/3, you get 0.8999, which is what I get with my method.

But your way sure is less fun.


#5          (see all posts) 2011/12/14 (Wed) @ 18:30

Excel and “less fun” = blasphemy.


#6    Perceptron      (see all posts) 2011/12/14 (Wed) @ 19:00

This is actually just the well known negative binomial distribution:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_binomial_distribution


#7    Tangotiger      (see all posts) 2011/12/14 (Wed) @ 21:47

Thank you for that… I was unaware that it had that name.


#8          (see all posts) 2011/12/14 (Wed) @ 22:52

Sounds much like Adam Dunn’s 2011 season.


#9    Rally      (see all posts) 2011/12/15 (Thu) @ 10:17

I while back we found that when you had a 3-0 count, a pitcher batting, and no runners in scoring position (in other words no reason not to throw a fastball right down the middle) pitchers threw a strike 71% of the time.

If pitchers throw strikes 71% of the time if they really try then you get 6% walks, 94% strikeouts.

It would be interesting to compare that outcome with some of the worst batting performances - Brandon Wood 2010, Jeff Mathis/Drew Butera 2011, bad hitting pitcher, etc.

Dean Chance was one of the worst hitting pitchers ever (.066, 2 XBH in 662 AB).  He did take a decent amount of walks for a complete non-hitter (30 in 759 PA), so that combined with his 63% strikeout rate indicates he must have thought the best he could contribute was to keep the bat on his shoulder.


#10    Tangotiger      (see all posts) 2011/12/15 (Thu) @ 10:33

Rally: I profess to not remembering that discussion at all.  If you have a handy link, can you post it?

But, yes, finding game situations where the pitcher intends to throw a ball basically as a fastball down the middle is the ideal scenario we are looking for.


#11    Rally      (see all posts) 2011/12/15 (Thu) @ 11:04

http://www.insidethebook.com/ee/index.php/site/comments/how_much_control_do_pitchers_really_have/

Here’s the link to a thread from a while back.  I’m putting more text into this post so maybe the cooment system won’t think it’s spam.


#12    Tangotiger      (see all posts) 2011/12/15 (Thu) @ 12:43

Geez, a thread that I started, and was pretty specific about.  I don’t remember that at all. Maybe I post too much.

Just re-read that thread.  Great stuff in there!  If ever I were to do a “best of”, that would be in there.


#13          (see all posts) 2011/12/15 (Thu) @ 13:48

Thanks for posting this. I often want to calculate this kind of thing and I’m never sure if I am doing it right. What about home/road issues? The favored team might have one expected winning percentage at home but then they have to go to the other team’s park where they will have a slightly lower chance of winning. So what happens when your p is not the same for all trials?


Page 1 of 1 pages


Name (required)
E-Mail (optional; WILL be published)
Website (optional)

<< Back to main


Latest...

COMMENTS

May 25 12:51
Chad Curtis

May 25 12:42
“Why Kickstarter works”

May 25 12:40
Largest demonstration in Canadian history?

May 25 12:38
Do pitcher’s reach back for velocity when needed?

May 25 11:32
Howard Stern

May 25 11:26
Lack of hustle during a game

May 25 11:22
What sabermetrics is NOT

May 25 10:58
Rooting for laundry

May 25 02:38
NFLPA lawsuit against collusion

May 25 01:43
Neal Huntington’s best moves