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Thursday, September 06, 2007

Baseball Prospectus is dead.

By Tangotiger, 10:55 AM

Or so says co-founder Gary Huckabay.  (The article id number happens to be 6666.)

Here’s what he says:


When I’m talking about ‘baseball analysis’ here, I’m talking about the rigorous review of player performance data. I’m not talking about the inclusion of pitch velocity and location data that’s now coming available, and I’m not talking about the integration of scouting data with performance data. I’m strictly talking about activities like developing value metrics, forecasting, and all the other stuff we do with the massive yarn-ball of data we’ve all put together over the years.

On its surface, it’s a bullsh-t statement to make.  However, he’s modified the definition and context of “baseball analysis” to such an extent, that it’s used as shock value.  Sort of like me saying Baseball Prospectus is dead.  When you use his definition of “baseball analysis”, a term which I will rename as “quatlu analysis”, it’s still a bullsh-t statement to make.  If there’s very little to be gained from forecasting beyond the massive yarn-ball of data (a position that Marcel the Monkey agrees with), then why such black box, behind the curtain, IP position of PECOTA?  It sounds hypocritical.  I don’t know if it is.  It just sounds like it.

Analysis and information are only interesting and useful if they inform a decision

That’s about a myopic position as you will find.  People who bought our book or come to this site are not necessarily here because they have a decision to be informed.  They come here because baseball is a pastime, a hobby, and it’s fun.  Even most readers to his own site go there for fun.  Gary’s position is strictly from some business GM standpoint.  If we were to hold Baseball Prospectus to the standards and mission statement that Gary is evoking, then Baseball Prospectus should close up shop.

He could be better in saying “Professional Baseball Analysis is dead”.  And he’s still wrong, as evidenced by the signing of Carlos Lee for 6/100, a move that I have called the worst-signing of the 2007 free agent pre-season.  And, when I evaluated all the free agent signings, I did not spend countless hours looking at all the little stats.  I did it in almost Gladwell’s blink of an eye.  That his current .299/.355/.524 line matches so closely to Marcel’s blink forecast of .287/.346/.509 provides me comfort for my claim.  What is clear to me is that there’s a segment in the baseball professional world, a strong mover and shaker segment, that doesn’t get it.  They don’t get regression toward the mean, they don’t get sampling, they don’t get positional scarcity, they don’t get how to process massive yarn-ball of data.  And even if they have people who do get it, they don’t listen to those people.  And professional player agents aren’t any better, with the fantastic signing (by the Phillies) of Chase Utley, the best arbitration signing of the 2007 pre-season.

Even Baseball Prospectus itself is in conflict with itself.  On the one hand, you have WARP, which sets a replacement level (akin to the positional scarcity I noted earlier) to such an absurdly low level, as to call into question the legitimacy of the stat.  There is no such thing, at all, as replacement level hitting plus replacement level fielding.  What does exist, in reality, is replacement level players.  On the other hand, you have BP’s little publicized measure like SuperVORP, which treats replacement level properly.  VORP itself has its own problems, because it values the walk far too low, and makes no attempt to correct itself.  For a site that takes such pride in giving things to decimal places, how can it get the basis wrong?

It is the height of arrogance to say that everything that can be done with massive yarn-ball of data has been done, when they’ve been doing it wrong.  And then to say that it has no extra information for the professionals, when the professionals are not even looking at it.  For a sizable number of teams, we are still in 1982.

There’s several more columns I could write about the damage inflicted on careers by the bullsh!t macho attitude that dominates locker rooms, but for now, let’s focus on the Dallas Greens of the world. Pitchers’ arms are fragile, and they get damaged by overuse. There’s no ambiguity on this point, and as much as color commentators are doing their best Abe Simpson impersonations when they talk about the evils of the 100-pitch limit, front offices have made the connection between overuse and injuries.

I have shown evidence on this site that pitchers today, and in the past (outside of WWII), have thrown the same number of pitches in their careers. You take top pitchers in their 20s from the past and today, and you will find that those pitchers will throw the same number of pitches in their 30s. This is fact. 

But generally speaking, most of that improvement is small beans compared to the two biggies listed above. And that’s the deal. That’s why baseball analysis is pinin’ for the fjords. It’s a simple issue of a bad business case.

Yet another bullsh-t statement to make.  A few years ago, Gary was asked about advancements in sabermetrics, and he noted replacement level.  It is an enormous thing to know if your player can play 3B or if he can only play 1B/LF.  There are countless other things that don’t take a back seat to “the big two”, one of which is simply wrong to begin with.

Gary thinks that quatlu analysis is dead, and he’s wrong.  If it is dead, then Baseball Prospectus is dead, outside of Dan Fox.  That’s what Gary Huckabay just said.  Or at least, that’s what I heard him say.

Generally speaking, I don’t agree with overall assessments by anyone, as if one person has such a handle on all the myriad of issues that they can assess the landscape to such a degree as to proclaim something as dead.  I don’t want to hear from some bullsh-t financial analysts telling me how he thinks the world economy will progress, or the real-estate market will change.  The market will speak for itself, in terms far clearer and more real than any single person can.  People are great for focusing on the bits and pieces.  Grand overall assessments and proclamations?  That’s what dictators do.  Unless you are forced to, who listens to them?

I would hope that everyone will read, and then discard, everything that Gary has written in that article.  And then, everyone should discard everything that I said in this blog post.  It’s just two bullsh-t articles that adds no value, advances no cause, and informs no decision.  The two articles together cancel out, lying dead, and you should be back to where you were before reading all this: reading and enjoying real baseball analysis by Dan Fox, Nate Silver, et al.  That’s what I’ll be doing.  Baseball analysis is dead.  Long live baseball analysis.

#1    cephyn      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 11:39

What I don’t understand is why he wrote the article in the first place? I don’t necessarily agree with everything you’ve said in response, but I certainly don’t agree with Huckaby either. Because of the goofy definition of Baseball Analysis...what the hell is he trying to say? Quatlu analysis indeed. I don’t understand why he wrote it, what he had to gain by it (or what he was trying to convey) and I certainly don’t understand how we (the readers) are supposed to react to it.


#2    MGL      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 12:23

My first instinct was to bascially agree with him.  Then I realized that when one is IN the mix, it always seems like that.  It is the same syndrome as, “Ballplayers were better in my day,” or, “Kids were better behaved when I was young.”

You could say the same thing about computers, technology, the internet, etc.

BTW, Huckabay writes very well, and he does make some good points in the article, as long as one does not take the title literally.


#3          (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 12:37

I have to admit I was flummoxed by that article as well. Kind of like that idea that science in general is running out of steam - everything that will be discovered has been discovered. It rears its ugly head every ten years or so. Utter BS in my opinion.

The PITCH f/x data is a whole *new* yarn ball to tease apart. Fielding analysis is still in it’s early stages, and development analysis (predicting which prospects turn into good players) is still done with witch-craft. That is an area I am interested in and it is pretty much untouched by objective analysis. There’s still a lot of interesting work to be done and each new discovery begets new realms to explore.

I guess I’ll chalk it up as a Jerry Maguire memo and mentally round file it. I wonder what traumatic event triggered it.


#4    BD      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 12:41

Huckaby’s column almost makes a decent point, but goes off-track and then wraps it in a bunch of purple prose. The 80/20 perspective seems accurate, but that doesn’t make the flip-side 20/80 irrelevant.

It is kind of fun when TT gets worked up though.


#5    Tangotiger      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 13:06

I’m actually not worked up at all, though, for the written-word, you can certainly read it that way.  I guess the tone you should read it with is like Andy Rooney does on 60 Minutes (if he were allowed to say bullsh-t), or Stephen Colbert.


#6    Tangotiger      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 13:52

A much kinder rebut from studes, and includes journalistic research:
http://www.hardballtimes.com/main/printarticle/long-live-baseball-analysis/

***

At the bottom of that is studes’ take on a WPA compromise.  It’s fair, but does have a chicken-egg feel (i.e., if Garrett Anderson hits 10 RBIs, that game is a blowout, so his performance wasn’t that important, but without his performance, it’s not a blowout, etc).  In any case, it’s a reasonable attempt at finding some common ground.


#7    Mike Fast      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 15:03

I don’t think Huckabay made his point very well, not well enough for me to tell whether there was something legitimate behind it.  He spent too much time trying to justify his bombastic opening.

Was he trying to say something about what information baseball front offices will act on and what it will take to get them to act on new information?  I thought so, but he didn’t seem to spend much effort going down that path either.

It was a very strange article.  Obviously things don’t move from the research stage to the widespread implementation stage or the general acceptance stage in a handful of years.  Some of Bill James’s ideas from the eighties are just now being implemented widely.  Many more of them are not yet.

Still, even if you focus just on which ideas gain traction in MLB, there will always be people like Branch Rickey and Earl Weaver and Billy Beane who will be thinking about things in new ways and testing their new ideas even in the laboratory of the major leagues.  Baseball decision makers are not the monolith they are often portrayed to be, particularly if we broaden beyond the major leagues and the current point in time.

Of course baseball analysis as a whole is hardly dead.  [Monty Python]I’m not dead yet![/Monty Python] We are just beginning to peel the onion on play-by-play and pitch-by-pitch analysis.  We have more minor league data and fielding data in the last few years than we have reasonably been able to digest.  When we on the research end have hardly been able to being to understand all the new data we have, how can Huckabay already write off its ultimate impact on baseball as irrelevant?  His article comes across as a bunch of silliness that might have buried a pertinent point underneath.


#8    John Beamer      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 15:41

Might as well throw my hat into the ring on this. I agree that the sensationalism of the article negates some of the points, but I do agree with some of the thrust of the article.

In terms on making front office decisions about what creates value then there probably isn’t a whole heap more ground to break. In offense we are more or less constrained by random variance on binomial samples. Unless the laws of statistics change, which I suppose isn’t wholly improbable, then there is little extra to be wheedled out on offense.

That is not to say that clubs are maximising their utility of these data—but that is another issue.

In areas like fielding there is a LONG way to go. I refer you to the hang time discussions that appear regularly on this site and also the lack of agreement among UZR, PMR, DRA etc. on fielding skill (see recent Humphries article in THT).

Also as many point out pitch-by-pitch data is opening up new avenues. However, these data probably won’t create moneyball revolutions in how front offices value baseball talent.

However, Studes makes the most pertinent point. The inquisitive minds of fans will mean that the desire for knowledge will never be sated. There will ALWAYS be something else.

Let’s face it: Newtonian mechanics will explain all earth-based phenomena but General Relativity opened up our eyes to, literally, a whole new universe. Sabermetrics is the same.


#9    Pizza Cutter      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 15:45

Tango, you do realize how big a nerd you are by even mentioning the word “quatlu?” (Worse, that I caught the reference!)

After reading the BP article, I thought “Well, there haven’t been any major earth-shattering advances in psychology in the last ten years either.” Psychology must also be dead?  (If it is, I need a new gig...) But, take a look at the small community of baseball analysts/Sabermetricians out there and you’ll see incremental work on some interesting questions.  Studes’ discussion of DIPS and the much more nuanced version of DIPS as it’s now understood is well-taken.

Huckaby ought to read a bit on the history of science.  Science is best mapped as a breakthrough once in a while followed by incremental progress to clarify it.  That’s the way it works in psychology (my real job) research.  That’s the way it’s probably going to work in Sabermetrics.


#10    Tangotiger      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 16:13

Gary limited his quatlu analysis to, essentially, the analysis of seasonal aggregated data, which is just a small part of what sabermetrics will be 10 years from now.  (He further limited his scope to focus only on the front office.) There will always be a phoenix rising, be it fielding, play-by-play, pitch-by-pitch, motion sensors, or whatnot. 

His problem is that he uses the word “baseball” in the term “baseball analysis”.  We all know what baseball is: a beautiful, perfect game.  If he would have called it “MLB front office analysis is dead”, or “quatlu analysis is dead”, then fine, point made.


#11    Tangotiger      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 16:16

Pizza, you don’t want to know how many of the episode titles I know, and their seasons.  Thankfully, I don’t know their episode numbers.


#12          (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 16:24

You threw me off a bit with the spelling “quatlu”. The canonical spelling is “quatloo” assuming we are talking about the same quatlus/quatloos smile

Top three episode in my opinion. Amok Time and Mirror Mirror are the other two.


#13    Tangotiger      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 16:35

I’ve always been partial to City on the Edge of Forever; Mirror, Mirror; Spectre of the Gun. 

What this series has, that the others don’t, is a fantastic music score.  Best of Both Worlds and the one where Data is lured back to his father’s lab approaches this.

Spock’s Brain was probably the single worst thing I’ve ever seen, and I refuse to ever watch it again.


#14    studes      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 16:37

I had to look up quatlu; how does it apply here?

Personally, I do think Gary had a point, but he way overstated it to get attention (in the same way he later admitted that TINSTAAPP was “just” a marketing statement).  It’s a stylistic thing that I don’t really agree with.

It’s fair, but does have a chicken-egg feel (i.e., if Garrett Anderson hits 10 RBIs, that game is a blowout, so his performance wasn’t that important, but without his performance, it’s not a blowout, etc).

I guess, but did you know that Anderson only got .236 WPA for that performance, only his fourth-highest game total of the year (and far below the overall biggest game totals)?


#15    studes      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 16:44

It weirded me out that the intro song for the second Star Trek series was the same as from the first movie ("Star Drek").  Everything seemed so dull from that movie, even the music, but it was so thrilling when I first heard it on The Next Generation.


#16    Tangotiger      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 16:52

http://www.baseballprospectus.com/article.php?articleid=6677

You can see the results of this basic calculation, using Pythagenport, in the Current Adjusted Standings Report, as first order wins and losses (W1/L1).

I do not think Clay uses Pythagenport any longer, as he now uses PythagenPat, as acknowledged by Clay here:
http://www.baseballprospectus.com/glossary/index.php?search=Pythagenport

Which points to Patriot’s article:
http://gosu02.tripod.com/id69.html


#17          (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 16:52

The quatloo was just a made up name for some kind of alien monetary unit. Tango is using it more generally as a made up something that people don’t have any baggage with or preconceived notions about. He could have just as easily said “maguffin analysis” if he were a Hitchcock fan instead of a Trekkie.


#18    studes      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 17:43

He could have just as easily said “maguffin analysis” if he were a Hitchcock fan instead of a Trekkie.

Thanks.  I understand mcguffin. Must be a generational thing.

BTW, I was curious about Garrett Anderson’s 10-RBI game as a way to compare systems.  In WPA, that game was Anderson’s fourth-best.  In my game-adjusted Base Runs, it was his fifth-best.  Pretty good match.

The GABR doesn’t negate runs in blowouts, it just gives them less emphasis, as it should.  If a batter provides the entire margin of victory in a blowout game, he’ll still get a lot of credit.

It’s also a way of acknowledging that many systems tend to overvalue awesome production in single games, because its impact is only limited to one game.  WPA also limits awesome single-game production but, as far as I know, these are the only two systems that do.

Not a big deal over an entire season, of course, but a factor.


#19    Patriot      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 20:14

Gee, I’m glad Tango wrote this piece, because it saves me the time.  I was going to write a very terse response to Huckaby’s piece for my blog. 

One of my favorite comments on the article came in the BTF thread, from David Nieporent:

Aside from that, what he’s actually saying isn’t that analysis is dead; he’s saying that outsiders no longer have the ability to know more than insiders simply by plugging basic statistics into a spreadsheet. What he actually means is that this sort of analysis is ubiquitous nowadays. That’s an odd use of “dead.”

I hate to link to my own site, but I wrote a post on my blog in response to an article Huckaby wrote in the 2006 BP.  You can see it by linking by name, but the gist was that Huckaby wrote this article about how “performance analysis” was being implemented by major league front offices.

First inflammatory statement: “First, throw the term ‘sabermetrics’ out the window. It’s slippery, doesn’t describe anything of substance, and trivializes the nature of serious analysis.”

Hmmm...it was good enough for Bill James and Craig Wright, but it’s not good enough for us.

“The baseball analysis ‘community’ lacks standards; people self-publish their work and feel confident that they’re qualified to offer advice on multi-million dollar transactions.”

There is of course some truth here.  But a lot of “self-published” work gets a heckuva lot more critical review and refinement then anything BP has ever published.  Look at how the online saber community has dissected DIPS for instance. 

“There is excessive attention paid to the ‘academic’ race, refining a model to another 1% of precision, without regard to its utility for making decisions that will actually help a ballclub, or the enormous error bars inherent in the entire exercise.”

Uh, Gary, has it ever occurred to you that some of us don’t care if our work has utility to a ball club?  And don’t make any claim that it does? 

Of course, the hypocrisy here is astounding, because in the same edition of BP, Keith Woolner printed the result of regression equations to the fifth decimal place, and of course Clay Davenport has published studies of run estimator accuracy down to the second decimal of RMSE, while using data from 1871-2004 or something to demonstrate the superiority of EQR.

Note, I am not necessarily complaining that Woolner and Davenport do this--only that Huckaby is too blind to recognize that his buddies are doing the same thing that he accuses the unwashed masses of doing.

Really, I chalk this all up to economic self-interest.  Most of the interesting work that is done comes from outside of the BP bubble.  That does not mean that BP does no good work, just that there is a whole universe of other people out there, be it a THT or with their own blogs, and those people are going to be more prolific then BP.  Well, if BP wants to be seen as on the cutting edge, they either have to adopt the discoveries that the other people make, or just disavow the existence of new work. 

BP has a mixed record of incorporating other’s work.  They did pick up the win estimator made possible by David Smyth, but they continue to use the horrid Basic RC formula in MLV.  The confusion about replacement level has been mentioned up the thread here, and they’ve done nothing about that, nor even really responded to the concerns that many have raised. 

Before the body gets cold, they might want to at least rob the jewelry off of it.


#20    Phil D.      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 22:41

For those interested, the link to Patriot’s piece on BP06 is incorrect. Click my name for the correct one. It, like the whole blog, is a very good read.


#21    Phil D.      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 22:44

Well, the link didn’t work for me either. You just have to add “ml” to the end of the URL after you click either name (to make it end .html).


#22    tangotiger      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 23:06

For whatever reason, this blog software limits the link to 50 characters.  So, you can just post it like this:

http://walksaber.blogspot.com/2006/03/review-of-baseball-prospectus-2006.html


#23    MGL      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 23:10

BTW, it is perfectly OK for people to link to their or other web sites.


#24    tangotiger      (see all posts) 2007/09/06 (Thu) @ 23:47

Yes, definitely.  If ever you post a link, and you don’t see your post, it’s been flagged, and is awaiting my approval.


#25    Fargo      (see all posts) 2007/09/07 (Fri) @ 02:23

I read that column by Huckabay in the context of the last serious article I read by him, and that was in the 2006 Baseball Prospectus annual book, which I just pulled off the shelf: “Where Does Statistical Analysis Fall Down? Reality and Perception.”

I don’t know what it was that drove Huckabay away from BP.com for 3+ years, but I think he’s been brooding over one issue in particular: that MLB organizations do not really want to pay for the quality of analysis that they could really use, and that to the extent that they recognize there is valuable research out there, such information is largely in the public domain.  In fact, the findings ("The Book,” for example) can be bought for pocket change.  Because MLB’s only open to a couple of big ideas at a time, and those ideas are a public good, it isn’t going to hire the Tangotigers of the world on a full-time basis.

Now these conclusions are debatable.  But I think from re-reading that BP 2006 article, which includes an interview with a cynical MLB executive, that Huckabay has been in a funk about the limited ability of analysis to improve the game.

Beyond this, however, anything else he may be saying about the value or validity of baseball analysis just doesn’t make a lot of sense to me.  (I also think, from reading some of his comments in his “chat” on BP yesterday, that he realizes how inarticulate he was in that article.) Nor could anyone on the BP staff other than Huckabay endorse the statement that analysis is dead.


#26    tangotiger      (see all posts) 2007/09/07 (Fri) @ 10:31

What may surprise people is that MLB is a very very small business.  People look at the top-end salaries, and think it must be big business.  But, the collective efforts of 30 separate businesses brings in 5 billion$ in revenue, or 160MM for each team.  With over 100MM of that automatically allocated to payroll and other player costs (i.e., an MLB team is a broker between the fans and the players in collecting 100MM), an MLB team really only has about 50MM in revenues that it has to allocate (plus trying to get better players for their money).

A 50MM revenue company is fairly small, a 200-400 employee company in the real world.

Most teams do not see “efficiency experts” as providing real value.  If you can squeeze a win out of your current setup, that, by itself, is worth 3MM every year.  Efficiency experts should be prized, and other than the Redsox (they have at least three sabermetricians working for them), I don’t think any team does:
http://baseballanalysts.com/archives/2007/02/a_chat_with_red_1.php

What conspires against that is that randomness can throw that win away.  It’s not something real that you can bank on, but a probability that it will have an impact.  It’s like giving someone a loaded die that will make it more likely to land on 6 (say 20% likely), but still a chance that it will land on 1 (say 13% likely).

Most teams do not pay the big bucks.  There is an enormous number of people who would work for an MLB team just on a stipend.  It’s the same deal in politics.  The captains of industry, your Bloombergs and Corzines, are the exceptions, not the rule.  The salary paid to politicians is fairly low (but their benefit, pension plan, is what makes it attractive).  The benefit of MLB is that you have a logo of the team appearing on your paycheck, and the cache that “can you believe it Jerry?  The New York Yankees!  Ruth? Dimaggio?  Mantle? ...Costanza?”.

If Gary is frustrated with his MLB experiences, he should just come out and say it.


#27    cephyn      (see all posts) 2007/09/07 (Fri) @ 11:19

Besides the Red Sox, I think we know the A’s do, as well as the Padres. Didn’t Keith Woolner just get hired by the Indians? And if I’m remembering correctly, haven’t about a dozen BP.com guys been hired by teams?


#28    Tangotiger      (see all posts) 2007/09/07 (Fri) @ 11:26

I qualified it by saying “prized”.  Paying an efficiency expert a salary of someone just getting out of college is not “prized”.


#29    Fargo      (see all posts) 2007/09/07 (Fri) @ 13:25

BP guys (just like guys out of other shops) have come and gone and come again in MLB organizations. Former BP’er Keith Law was with Toronto, and now is with ESPN.com.  Two other former BP’ers (James Click and a staff guy) are with Tampa Bay now. Keith Woolner is with Cleveland, as you mentioned. There may have been others. The above information comes from Wikipedia and therefore may or may not be accurate.

There don’t seem to be a lot of careers for real statistical analysts and theorem testers (as opposed to data managers and mere stats mongers) within those “small businesses,” as Tango describes them. The larger baseball analysis business probably offers a lot more potential for careers in the media, fantasy baseball analysis, scouting and prospect reports, and so forth.

Most of the well known sabermetricians appear to be amateurs in the sense that although they may earn some money from their sabermetric work (writing books and articles for online or mainstream media), they earn their living mainly by holding down “real” jobs. And most do their sabermetric work simply for the love of the game, statistics, analysis, or who knows what—but not for profit.


#30    tangotiger      (see all posts) 2007/12/04 (Tue) @ 15:32

I just wanted to add a link to a related article:

http://www.protrade.com/content/DisplayArticle.html?sp=S510d5e93-5fcc-11dc-9b6d-5f8c0d7a02e1


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